CERVICAL CANCER AWARENESS WEEK 

THEME: We can prevent cervical cancer. 

According to World Health Organization (WHO), there are over 600,000 new cases of cervical cancer worldwide each year, making it the fourth most common cancer among women. In Nigeria, the situation is even more challenging Approximately 18,776 women die from cervical cancer every year. The 5-year survival rate for cervical cancer is estimated to be around 30% to 50%. 

 Cervical cancer is preventable with the right screenings and preventive care 

World Cervical Cancer Day is observed on January 24th each year to raise awareness about cervical cancer, its prevention, and the importance of early detection. This day aims to educate people about the disease, promote screening and vaccination, and encourage discussions around women’s health. 

What is Cervical Cancer? 

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It typically develops slowly over time, starting with changes in the cervical cells that can be detected through screening tests like Pap smears. 

Primary causes of cervical cancer 

The primary cause of cervical cancer is persistent infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection. While many people with HPV do not develop cervical cancer, some high-risk strains can lead to the development of cancerous cells. 

Other Causes:

1. Multiple Sexual Partners: Having many sexual partners increases the risk of HPV infection, which can lead to cervical cancer.
2. Early Sexual Activity: Engaging in sexual activity at a young age can increase the likelihood of HPV exposure.
3. Weakened Immune System: Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or those taking immunosuppressive medications, are at a higher risk for developing cervical cancer.
4. Smoking: Tobacco use has been linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer. Chemicals in cigarettes can damage the DNA of cervical cells.
5. Long-term Use of Oral Contraceptives: Some studies suggest that women who use birth control pills for five years or more may have an increased risk of cervical cancer.
6. History of Other STIs: A history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia or gonorrhoea may increase the risk of developing cervical cancer.
7. Family History: A family history of cervical cancer may also increase an individual’s risk.

1. Symptoms of cervical cancer
Cervical cancer may not show symptoms in its early stages, but as it progresses, some symptoms may include: 

1. Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding: This can include bleeding between periods, after sexual intercourse, or after menopause.
2. Pelvic Pain: Persistent pain in the pelvic area that is not related to menstrual cycles.
3. Discomfort During Intercourse: Pain or discomfort during sexual activity.
4. Unusual Vaginal Discharge: This may include a watery or bloody discharge with a foul odour.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for evaluation. Regular check-ups and screenings are essential for early detection and prevention. 

2. Prevention
Cervical cancer can be prevented and detected early through several key strategies: 

1. HPV Vaccination: Getting vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV) can significantly reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer. The vaccine is most effective when given before the onset of sexual activity.
2. Regular Screening: Routine Pap smears and HPV tests can help detect precancerous changes in cervical cells early. The general recommendation is for women to start getting Pap smears at age 21 and continue every three years, or every five years if combined with HPV testing.
3. Safe Sexual Practices: Practicing safe sex, such as using condoms and limiting the number of sexual partners, can reduce the risk of HPV infection.
4. Avoiding Tobacco: Smoking is associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer, so avoiding tobacco can help lower this risk.

3. Impact of Cervical Cancer:
Cervical cancer has had a significant impact as a disease, affecting millions of women worldwide. Here are some key points regarding its impact: 

1. Health Burden: Cervical cancer is a significant health issue globally, with hundreds of thousands of new cases diagnosed each year. It can lead to severe health complications and often affects women in their reproductive years.
2. Economic Burden: The treatment and management of cervical cancer can be costly, placing a financial strain on healthcare systems, especially in low-income regions. This burden affects not only the patients but also their families and the economy.
3. Awareness and Education: The disease has prompted global awareness campaigns, leading to increased education about HPV, prevention methods, and the importance of regular screenings. This has empowered women to take charge of their health.

4. Social and Emotional Impact: Women diagnosed with cervical cancer often face emotional and psychological challenges, including anxiety and depression. The disease also affects their relationships and social interactions.
Cervical cancer’s impact extends beyond health, influencing social, economic, and emotional aspects of life for women and their communities. 

Conclusion
In the fight against cervical cancer, early detection and prevention is our strongest ally. By understanding the risks and embracing preventive measures like HPV vaccination and regular screenings, we can transform awareness into action. Together, we have the power to create a future where cervical cancer is no longer a threat, ensuring healthier lives for all.”